Beneath the veneer of flashing lights and free cocktails, casinos are built on a bedrock of mathematics, engineered to slowly bleed their patrons of cash. For years, mathematically inclined people have tried to turn the tables by using their knowledge of probability and game theory to beat the house. But while a few physicists have come close to cracking the code, casinos are still designed to keep people coming back for more.
Despite their glitzy appearance and lure of easy money, most casino games have a built in house edge that can be as low as two percent. This advantage, known as the vig or the rake, is how casinos make money. It’s small enough to be undetectable to the average gambler, but it adds up over the millions of wagers placed every year. Casinos use this revenue to fund their extravagant hotels, fountains, pyramids, towers, and replicas of famous landmarks.
Gambling almost certainly predates recorded history, with primitive protodice and carved six-sided dice found in the oldest archaeological sites. But the casino as we know it arose in the 16th century, with gambling crazes sweeping Europe. Italian aristocrats would gather in private parties, called ridotti, to gamble and socialize. Technically, these were illegal, but the gamblers rarely got caught.
As casino gambling grew in popularity, more and more states passed laws legalizing it. Nevada became the first to open a large number of casinos, and soon other states realized they could capitalize on gambling tourism by establishing their own gambling meccas. The United States now has more than 500 casinos, and the industry generates an annual revenue of $231 billion, according to IBIS World.
The most popular casino games are slot machines, followed by card games and then table games. Other games like keno and bingo are far less popular. A 2002 study by Gemini Research asked casino patrons which games they liked to play, and the majority (50%) selected slot machines. Card games, including blackjack and poker, accounted for 30% of the selections. Table games and gambling on sporting/racing events each attracted only 5% of the responses.
Whether you’re interested in using your skill to win big or just enjoying the excitement of gambling, these casinos are sure to impress. From exotic destinations to massive gaming rooms, they offer that thrill people experience vicariously from casino-themed movies. But, remember to always start with a fixed amount of money you’re willing to lose and only increase your stakes when you can afford it. This will help prevent you from going into debt and ruining your vacation or your financial future. It’s also a good idea to use a rewards program to save money on food and beverage.